Form: This is a large tree reaching 140 to 160 ft. in height and a dbh of 2 1/2 to 4 ft. It also has a dense, narrow crown.

Needles:
             

Arrangement: spirally arranged; 2-ranked

Length: 2" long

Shape: flat

Other: dark yellow-green above with 2 white bands below

 

Bark: The bark has a grayish to green color with blisters when it is young. It later becomes thick, gray-brown and mottled. It also is often furrowed with ridges.

Cones: The cones are 2 to 4" long, barrel-shaped and the scales are deciduous, falling as seeds ripen. They have a green to purplish-green color.

Distinguishing characteristics: This tree has barrel-shaped cones, two ranked spindled needles, and is found around 5,000 ft. in elevation.

Range: This is a western species. It is found around 5,000 feet in elevation.

Silvics: This species is moderately tolerant and occurs on deep, moist, alluvial soils along streams and mountain. slopes.

Ecological and cultural importance: The tree is an important source of pulpwood. The wood also has a fetid odor. It is affected by spruce budworm and stringy brown-rot fungus. Various species of owl use grand fir as a habitat. Needles are eaten by grouse.