Form: This species is an evergreen tree. It is small to medium in size 40 to 50 ft. in height and 1 to 2 ft. in dbh.

Needles:
   

Shape: 2 types: Scale leaves - 1/16 in. long and 4 sided. Awl leaves - 1/8 to 3/8 in.

 

Bark: The bark is reddish-brown in color. It is fibrous and peels in strips.

Cones: The cones are berry like. They are light green in the spring and turn dark blue and glaucous at maturity. They also are about 1/4 inch in diameter.

Distinguishing characteristics: The bark is reddish-brown and fibrous. 2 types of leaves.

Range: All states east of the great plains.

Silvics: This species is intolerant occurring on dry uplands, heavy clays and on neutral soils.

Ecological and cultural importance: The wood is used for fence posts, furniture and pencils. The foliage is browsed by deer, rabbits and mice. This is an important food source for songbirds. Also important for nesting and roosting birds.